The “Business Judgment Rule” Applies in LLCs Too
Corporate directors have long relied on the “business judgment rule,” under which their decisions are presumed to have been made “on an informed basis, in good…
Operating Agreement Doesn’t Excuse Breach of Fiduciary Duty
Many posts on The LLC Jungle blog have focused on the fiduciary duties owed by LLC managers to both the LLC’s members and the LLC itself.…
Does an LLC’s Bankruptcy Discharge Apply to the LLC’s Alter Egos?
When a debtor LLC receives a discharge order from a bankruptcy court, a creditor is prevented from enforcing any preexisting debts against the discharged LLC as…
Another Case Addressing Managerial Discretion and the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing
LLC managers often enjoy wide latitude and unrestricted “discretion” under the LLC’s operating agreement. At the same time, all contracts — including LLC operating agreements —…
LLC is Not an “Indispensable Party” to Direct Claims Between LLC Members
In litigation, the plaintiff must include as parties to the action all persons or entities whose interests are so directly involved that the court cannot render…
Can an LLC Member be Forced to Contribute to the LLC’s Debts?
Members of an LLC are required to pitch in equally for the LLC’s expenses and debts, right? Generally, no. In a recent unpublished opinion filed by…
LLC and Partnership Authority “Safe Harbors”
California’s statutes governing LLCs and general partnerships include “safe harbor” provisions making it easier for third parties to rely on the apparent authority of an LLC’s…
Diversion of LLC Funds Is Not “Protected Activity” Under California’s Anti-SLAPP Statute
California’s anti-SLAPP statute (Code of Civil Procedure section 425.16) aims to protect defendants from meritless lawsuits designed to chill “protected activity” — i.e., the exercise of…
California Supreme Court: Penal Code Section 496(c) Can Apply To Business Disputes
In a long-awaited opinion — Siry Investment, L.P. v. Farkhondehpour — the California Supreme Court held that California Penal Code section 496 can apply to a business…
Derivative Claim Standing: Both Contemporaneous And Continuous Membership Required
When an LLC suffers primary harm that also indirectly harms the LLC’s members, the cause of action generally belongs to the LLC, not its members. Only…